Preceded by the western Zhou dynasty (1046 B.C.-771 B.C.), the Eastern Zhou dynasty (770 B.C.-256 B.C.) was divided into the Spring & Autumn Period (770 B.C.-476 B.C.) and the Warring State Period (475 B.C.-221 B.C.). The King had the power to commander the vassals in the Western Zhou dynasty, who gradually became powerless in the Eastern Zhou dynasty. At the same time, the nomadic tribes in the north became more and more powerful after absorbing the advanced culture and science technology from the Central China (dominated by the Eastern Zhou Kingdom) and they continuously attacked Haojing (the capital of Zhou dynasty, present Xi?an), forcing King Ping of the Zhou dynasty to move the capital from Haojing to Luoyi (present Luoyang in Henan Province) in 770 B.C., which symbolized the beginning of the Eastern Zhou dynasty.
With the influence of the king becoming weaker and weaker since 770 B.C., the Eastern Zhou Kingdom was split into more than 100 small states of various sizes later, and the later historians called this period the ?Spring and Autumn Period?, when the society was unrest and the war broke out frequently with a number of stronger states rising in wars, including the Qi State, the Song State, the Jin State, the Jin State, the Chu State, the Qin State ( so called the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period by the later historians). The hegemony-contending activity among the five states didn?t stop until 546 B.C., resulting in the hegemony equally shared by the Jin State and the Chu State. The Jin State was carved up into the Han State, the Zhao State and the Wei State in 403, which constituted?the Seven States ? in addition to the Qin State, the Yan State, the Qi State and the Chu State, symbolizing the begging of the Warring State Period. The national strength of the Qin State was greatly increased after Shang Yang?s reforms, and the Qin ruler Yingzheng (later Emperor Qinshihuang) unified the other six states and established the Qin dynasty (221 B.C.-206 B.C.) in 221 B.C., turning a new page in ancient Chinese history.
The academic thoughts were vigorous in the Eastern Zhou dynasty, when a number of ideologist emerged and had far-reaching influences on the Chinese traditional culture, including Lao Zi (the founder of Taoism), Confucius (the founder of Confucianism), Mencius, Zhuang Zi, Xun Zi and Hanfei Zi (the founder of Legalists). Confucius devoted the rest of his life to writing books to expounding a theory, who carefully compiled the first poetry collection in Chinese history- the Book of Poetry.
In addition, a number of prominent talents emerged in various fields in the Eastern Zhou dynasty, including Sun Wu in military science, Mo Zi in science and technology, Lu Ban in architecture and Qu Yuan in poetry, all of whom made great contribution to the glorious Chinese civilization.
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